Biotekhnosfera № 4/2017

Instrument Making, Metrology and Information Measuring Devices and Systems

Belik D. V., Kustov I. N. Correction of the output power of the electrosurgical unit taking into account the change in the speed of movement of the active electrode to reduce the amount of necrotic biological tissue

This article discusses a method of reducing thermal injury of biological tissue using an electrosurgical unit. We propose an output correction depending on the type of biological tissue and active electrode movement speed. The technical implementation of the active electrode speed measuring system based on the MEMS accelerometer is considered.

Keywords: electrosurgery, active electrode, passive electrode, biotissue, thermal damage, MEMS accelerometer

Serdyukov Yu. P., Gelman V. Ya. The formation of signals for ultrasound methods that provide high resolution. Part 1: Analysis and Formulation of Requirements

The paper analyzes the resolving power of ultrasound methods and considers possible ways to increase it. Analysis of signals is based on models implemented in the environment of the Mathcad graphic programming package. The requirements for the characteristics of “ideal” probing signals have been formulated. The paper shows the necessity of using a new class of signals in diagnostics by ultrasound in order to provide the solution of the formulated problem of increasing the resolving ability.

Keywords: ultrasonic research, resolving ability, probing signals, signal requirements.

Bobrova Yu. O., Zhivolupova Yu. A., Yuldashev Z. M. The system for remote monitoring of pregnant women health state

The system for remote monitoring of pregnant women health state is considered, functional system model is suggested, complex of biomedical indexes using for woman and fetus current state evaluation is formed, algorithms of the remote monitoring system functioning and provision of information and medical support are suggested.

Keywords: system, remote monitoring, pregnant woman, health state, generalized structure, complex of indexes, algorithm of working, information and medical support.

Nikolaenko A. N. Use of three-dimensional preoperative planning and computer navigation to optimize the surgical treatment of patients with benign bone tumors

With the application of a new approach to the surgical treatment of benign tumors and tumor-like diseases of tubular bones, it was possible to shorten the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the intensity of the pain syndrome after surgery. The use of three-dimensional preoperative planning and computer navigation for the treatment of patients with benign tumors of tubular bones allowed to significantly improve the immediate results of surgical treatment. This made it possible to carry out the early functional adaptation of patients and improve the socio-economic effect.

Keywords: benign bone tumor, three-dimensional preoperative planning, computer navigation, oncoorthopedics.

Sokolova V. N., Potrakhov N. N., Gryaznov A. Yu., Staroverov N. E., Diab Kh. M. А., Vasilyev A. Yu. Microfocus cone-beam computed tomography in the cochlear implant position control: experimental study

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the possibilities of a microfocus X-ray system and experimental microfocus conebeam computed tomography scanner in defining cochlear implant electrode array location in human temporal bone. Materials and Methods used. Electrode arrays of cochlear implant were inserted via round window membrane into the cochlea of human temporal bone. The cochleae were imaged using a computed tomography (Brilliance CT 64, Philips), X-ray system (LuminosdRF, Siemens), microfocus X-ray system (Pardus-R, Eltekh-Med) and experimental set-up based on a microfocus cone-beam computed tomography scanner.

Results. During the investigational study there have been performed microfocus roentgenograms of temporal bone specimens. In temporal bone contacts of electrode arrays were clearly shown to locate.

Conclusions. The present study of the microfocus X-ray system and microfocus cone-beam computed tomography showed advantages of visualization un identifying the position of electrode array and has the potential for clinical application in cochlear implant surgery.

Keywords: microfocus X-ray, cochlear implantation, microfocus cone beam computed tomography

Nikolaenko A. N. Analysis of stress-strain states of the design of the personified endoprosthesis of the segment of the hand

To restore the full functions of the hand after surgery or injury are required to accurately replicate the anatomy of the lost segments of a brush that is achieved through a personalized endoprosthesis. Analysis of stress-strain States of the structure of the prosthesis segment of the brush is examined on the example of modeling the II metacarpophalangeal joint with the joint capsule. The obtained values of stress-strain States and factor of safety indicate the high strength characteristics of the proposed implant which makes promising further research in this direction

Keywords: personalized endoprosthesis of the hand, strength of biomaterials, titanium powder.

Glazova A. Yu. Remote Monitoring of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma

The article describes the method of remote monitoring of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and asthma. The method is the comprehensive assessment of the results of ACQ5 or CCQ questionnaires about disease symptoms manifestations, changes in the bronchodilator intake regimen and the duration of forced expiration noise recorded in the frequency band 200–2000 Hz using a microphone placed near the mouth outside of the exhaled airflow. The method effectiveness has been proved in the long-term monitoring of healthy individuals and patients in bronchial asthma.

Keywords: remote monitoring, method, COPD, asthma, lapel microphone, forced expiratory tracheal noise.

Semenova E. A. Decision support systems of for the surgeon in the provision of emergency medical care to victims with injuries of the abdominal cavity

The article is devoted to the description of the systems of decision support for the surgeon in the provision of emergency medical care to victims with injuries of the abdominal cavity. The decision support system for the surgeon (DSSS) in the provision of emergency medical care to victims with injuries of the abdominal cavity is an automated system whose purpose is to help emergency surgeons making decisions in difficult conditions when choosing surgical access and treatment tactics for the victims. The generalized structure of such DSSS should consist of six components: user interfaces, data storage subsystems, tactics selection subsystems, fast access subsystems, information analysis subsystems, subsystems of recommendations and comments. The introduction of such decision support systems will help surgeons make the right decisions with minimal time, which will lead to an improvement in the quality of emergency medical care for victims with injuries of the abdominal organs.

Keywords: decision support system, surgeon, emergency care, tactics of treatment, operational access, experts, indicators, 3D-models.

Kiladze A. B., Dzhemukhadze N. K. Bioinformatic model of melanocyte distribution in the skin of laboratory rats based on dopa oxidase activity

The activity of DOPA oxidase in the skin melanocytes of 10 mature nonlinear female white laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus var. alba) was studied in their normal physiological state. The bioinformatic model of the digitized image included the use of two geometric methods — Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangulation. An uneven distribution of melanocytes was found in the reticular dermis. Most of the pigment cells were located in the upper and lower layers of the dermis and were absent in the middle layer. The denser the pigment cells are arranged, the smaller the cellular plane, which reflects the pigmentation “distribution“ in the reticular dermis. A two-dimensional network model of melanocytes reflects their physiological interaction due to processes varying in length.

Keywords: white nonlinear laboratory rats, skin, dermis, DOPA reaction, melanocytes, Voronoi diagram, Delaunay triangulation.

Yampilov S. S., Voskresenskaya M. L., Batotsyrenov T. E. Nalysis of impact of medicinal preparations at treatment of biological object of the obtained burn by method of biomepedance spectrometry

Annotation: The device of bioimpedance spectrometry has been developed in BSSUTU, which determines the resistance of biological tissues for given frequencies of electric current. This device allows you to assess the state of organs and systems of biological objects under various external influences (burn, anesthesia, medicinal substances, etc.). It differs from all existing devices in that it makes it possible to simultaneously obtain impedance data at different frequencies of the probing current. The aim of the study was to study the effect of drugs in the treatment of the biological object of a bioimpedance spectrometry that received a burn. Observed in rats one day after esophagus burn, exudative inflammation, edema, tissue necrosis as a result of a sharp decrease in impedance at different frequencies. Analysis of rat data under the action of a medicinal preparation (0.5% calendula solution in sea-buckthorn oil) showed that with an increase in the exposure time of the drug, a certain increase in the magnitude of the impedance is observed. That is, the drug begins to have a beneficial effect on the biological object. With increasing frequency of the probing current on the biological object, the impedance decreases.

Keywords: apparatus, electric current, resistance of biological tissues, frequency of probing current, bioimpedance

spectrometry, generator, power unit.