Biotekhnosfera № 6/2017

Luchinin V. V. Socio-oriented micro- and nanotechnics – motivated investments in human capital
This article presents the complex of critical and interdisciplinary directions of modern micro- and nanotechnics is presented in the bio-, info- and energy-technical spheres, providing the solution of state socially-oriented priorities in the field of preservation and development of “human capital” as a carrier of genetic, cultural and professional heritage.

Solovev A. V., Zimina T. M., Kostko A. F. Perspectives of application of laser light scattering methods in microbiological analysis
The application of laser light scattering methods in microbiological analysis for express identification of microorganisms and testing of their antibiotic resistance is considered. When suspensions of living cultures of microorganisms are exposed to laser light, the dynamic and static characteristics of the scattered light correlate not only with their shape and size, but also with variable parameters of the suspension, the most obvious of which are the change in concentration due to the division of microorganisms and population growth, and lost of viability under the action of antibiotics. These characteristics are manifested both in the angular dependences of the intensity of light scattering and in the kinetics of spatial intensity fluctuations. Live bacterial cells in suspensions form efficiently radiation-dissipating heterogeneous media, which provides a good dynamic range and sensitivity of the analytical method. In the process of division of microorganisms and population growth, an increase in the intensity of scattered light is observed. As a result of the action of the antibiotic on the suspension of microorganisms in the liquid nutrient medium, leading to the termination of fission, a change in the slope in the time dependence of the intensity of scattered light, or a change in the kinetics of local fluctuations in the near field is observed. The ways of miniaturization of light scattering methods for creating the bases of their realization in laboratories-on-a-chip are analyzed. The influence of miniaturization on the analysis speed is investigated. A system of parallel measuring cells with illumination system implemented by split laser beam using a two-dimensional diffraction grid made of anodic aluminum oxide was tested. The experiments were carried out on E. coli M-17 and latex diagnosticum Shigella sonnei models.

Broyko A. P., Kalenov V. E., Khmelnitsky I. K., Alekseev N. I., Lagosh A. V., Luchinin V. V., Orekhov Yu. D., Testov D. O. Propulsions based on electroactive polymers for water biomimetic robotic systems
Analysis of the known types of movement of fishes and their possible classification through the creation of biomimetic robotic systems for the water environment are presented. Reviewed ion polymer state, as an engine for miniature robotic systems for locomotion in the aquatic environment. Designed and manufactured four types of scalable biomimetic robotic systems to study their behavior in the aquatic environment.

Gareev K. G., Gashnikov A. O., Ershov M. I., Kondrashov K. K., Luchinin V. V., Petrov A. A., Testov O. A. Ensuring of electromagnetic safety of biotechnosphere objects
The main directions of ensuring electromagnetic safety of biotechnosphere objects at the collective abd individual levels are presented. Based on the analysis of applied design and technological solution, prospective methods of protection againts parasitic and directed effects of electromagnetic fields are considered. The scientific and techical results obtained in SPbETU „LETI“ are given.

Ilin S. Yu., Luchinin V. V. Smart glass: comfort, resource-saving, safaty
The current state and prospects of the development of intellectual glasses — the basic elements of architectural photonics for providing a comfortable human environment — are considered. Structural and technological solutions of adaptive and active multifunctional intelligent glasses are presented, based on the progressive capabilities of special and promising materials and technologies. The possibilities and prospects of integrating conformal multifunctional intelligent glasses into the personified biotechnosphere of the individual are shown.